Biotic Factor: Such as various activity of organisms. Such occurrences happen due to the following factors: Climatic Factor: Such as wind, deposits, erosion, fire etc. Causes those are responsible for the destruction existing habitat. 1) Initial or initiating Causes: these are climatic as well as biotic.Odum (1971) preferred to designate this orderly process as ecosystem development rather than the ecological succession.Role of succession is to make an The occurrence of relatively definite sequence of communities ecosystem more over a period of time in the same area is known as ecological sustainable/biodiverse succession.Gradual replacement of simple organisms with more complex organisms overtime.These influences bring about marked changes in the dominants of the existing community, which sooner or later replaced by the another community at the same place.2) the activities of the species of the communities themselves.1) variations in climatic and physiographic factors, and.Environment is always changing over a period of time due to.Succession is a universal process of directional change in community composition, on an ecological time scale.Communities are never found permanently in complete balance with their component species or with the physical environment.This relatively definite sequence of communities over a period of time in the same area is called ecological succession.Community are never stable but keep on changing.The term was first given by Hult (1885).For example, the density of birds is greater in the ecotone between the forest and the desert.In the terrestrial ecosystems edge effect is especially applicable to birds.The organisms which occur primarily or most abundantly in this zone are known as edge species.Sometimes the number of species and the population density of some of the species in the ecotone is much greater than either community.Edge effect refers to the changes in population or community structures that occur at the boundary of two habitats (ecotone).There are no sharp borders or changes in species composition in areas where a continuum can be demonstrated.Some ecologists have introduced the continuum concept in ecology, where there are no distinct communities with well defined boundaries, but there is change in space, soil parameters, altitudes, and other abiotic factors.Ecocline is a zone of gradual but continuous change from one ecosystem to another when there is no sharp boundary between the two in terms of species composition.A well-developed ecotone contains some organisms which are entirely different from that of the adjoining communities.It may be narrow (between grassland and forest) or wide (between forest and desert).This unique general feature of an ecotone is known as principle of edges.A general characteristic features of the ecotone is that it has sufficiently greater number of species, and moreover, the density of most of the species is higher than that in the neighbouring communities.Such a region presenting a situation of special ecological interest is known as an ecotone or tension zone.Other examples are grassland (between forest and desert), estuary (between fresh water and salt water) and riverbank or marshland (between dry and wet).the mangrove forests represent an ecotone between marine and terrestrial ecosystem. In nature there is a zone of transition or tension in which the conditions for each of the adjacent communities become more adverse, and there is usually an intermixing of species from both the communities.Ecotone is the zone where two communities meet and integrate.An ecotone is a zone of junction or a transition area between two biomes (diverse ecosystems).Plant communities 1 Ecotone and edge effect ![]() an Ecotone Is a Zone of Junction Or a Transition Area Between Two Biomes (Diverse Ecosystems).Plant Communities 1 Ecotone and Edge Effect
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